The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Free Essays on Discourses

Part I: The Various Kinds of Government, and the Ways By Which They Are Established. Machiavelli starts The Prince with a urgent qualification of political classifications. There are, he composes, just two manners by which a state can be sorted out: as a republic, or as a government. In the wake of making this qualification, Machiavelli promptly, immediately or remark, just drops the conversation of the â€Å"republic.† This doesn’t imply that Machiavelli doesn’t like republics, all things considered, are the subject of his other significant work of political hypothesis, The Discourses. As opposed to blame Machiavelli for against popularity based predisposition, we should take note of that in this specific book, which intended to portray the best possible lead of a sovereign, any conversation of princeless republics would be totally unimportant. In the wake of organizing the possibility of a republic, at that point, Machiavelli proceeds onward to separate the class of â€Å"monarchy† into further sub-classifications. Governments, he compos es, can be either inherited and represented by a similar family for ages, or as of late established. Once more, Machiavelli tails one division with another. Leaving aside genetic governments for the occasion, he recognizes two various types of as of late established governments †those which are altogether new, and those which are new additions of domain included onto previous inherited governments. As we would expect, inside this last classification (the attached state), there are additionally two subcategories: Machiavelli calls attention to that some added states were already dependent upon another ruler, and some were previously free. Lastly, there is one more sort of subcategory inside attached states: those which were vanquished by a sovereign in war, and those which just tumble to him through karma or expertise. Part II: Of Hereditary Monarchies This part starts with Machiavelli’s expression of remorse for not talking about republics in this book †in what is by all accounts an unequivocal reference to D... Free Essays on Discourses Free Essays on Discourses Part I: The Various Kinds of Government, and the Ways By Which They Are Established. Machiavelli starts The Prince with an essential qualification of political classifications. There are, he composes, just two manners by which a state can be sorted out: as a republic, or as a government. In the wake of making this qualification, Machiavelli quickly, immediately or remark, essentially drops the conversation of the â€Å"republic.† This doesn’t imply that Machiavelli doesn’t like republics, all things considered, are the subject of his other significant work of political hypothesis, The Discourses. As opposed to blame Machiavelli for hostile to vote based predisposition, we should take note of that in this specific book, which intended to depict the best possible direct of a ruler, any conversation of princeless republics would be altogether superfluous. In the wake of organizing the possibility of a republic, at that point, Machiavelli proceeds onward to separate the class of â€Å"monarchy† into further sub-classifications. Governments, he composes, can be either innate and administered by a similar family for ages, or as of late established. Once more, Machiavelli tails one division with another. Leaving aside genetic governments for the occasion, he recognizes two various types of as of late established governments †those which are totally new, and those which are new additions of domain included onto prior inherited governments. As we would expect, inside this last classification (the attached state), there are likewise two subcategories: Machiavelli calls attention to that some added states were beforehand dependent upon another ruler, and some were some time ago free. Lastly, there is one more sort of subcategory inside added states: those which were vanquished by a sovereign in war, and those which essentially tumble to him through karma or expertise. Part II: Of Hereditary Monarchies This part starts with Machiavelli’s conciliatory sentiment for not talking about republics in this book †in what is by all accounts an unequivocal reference to D...

Visual Arts Extended Essay Topics

Visual Arts Extended Essay TopicsHow do you get the most from visual arts extended essay topics? Have you ever found yourself bogged down by too many ideas in the space of one topic? An essay that seems like it has too many ideas and topics to cover might be a sign that you are getting a little bogged down. This is not good for anyone, and it will only get worse if you don't have a way to get out of the problem.There is a great idea called extended or tag team. What does that mean? It means that you use a number of subject ideas to come up with a single topic, one idea, one theme.What you want to do is split up your visual arts extended essay topics. This will make it easier for you to think about them in terms of topics, themes, or topics and themes. You can then plan your essays around these topical areas.Think about art galleries and museums as the single biggest area. Talk about the different exhibitions there are, the different events they put on, the subjects you will find ther e, and so on. Then talk about the various types of art that are found there.A discussion of a Japanese art museum, a Russian art museum, a French art museum, and a Polish art museum would be great subjects for an extended essay topic. To get even more ideas, choose other museums and art galleries. Many people think that art museums are extremely rigid, but that isn't true. You can use ideas from there to get even more ideas.That is just one example of the many topics you can discuss. You could also talk about business or education, where there are lots of topics to talk about. Other than that, your topics could be any number of things, or maybe just a particular topic.I hope you will use the idea of visual arts extended essay topics to come up with many, many topics to write about. After all, the ideas you come up with will give you the subject matter and theme you need to come up with some great essays.

The Role of Women in the Metamorphosis and the Stranger

| World Literature Essay | Role of Women in The Stranger and Metamorphosis | | Maria Fernanda Contreras | 6/17/2010 | | â€Å"The woman kept on crying† (10) – this ability to experience and express emotions is shown as something both the protagonists in both novels - The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka and The Stranger by Albert Camus – lack. Women are usually portrayed as the element of society who are more likely to show this ability which connects them to the world surrounding them and keeps them (and men) from being â€Å"strangers† to society. The protagonists have especial difficulties relating to women in a profound level because of their lacking this ability. Their relationship with women symbolizes their relationship with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"For the first time in a long time I thought about Maman. I felt as if I understood why at the end of her life she had taken a â€Å"fiance†, why she had played at beggining again† (122) Finding himself in a similar situation as her, he finds a way to comprehend her actions. This final unders tanding of her mother still implies his inability to relate to women, since his mother, the only woman he managed to relate to, was dead by the time he managed to relate to her, indicating he might not truly understand her since he no longer remembers her that well. Similar to Mersault’s relationship with his mother, Gregor’s relationship with â€Å"the lady dibe yo up in a fur hat and a fur boa..† (1) increases his inability to connect to society. The woman in the poster cannot reflect any emotions, thus it requires no effort to â€Å"understand† her and cope with her, just like with Mersault’s dead mother. Nevertheless, the poster is one of the few things in the room that keeps Gregor human. Thus, after there is no chance of establishing a proper connection, an â€Å"imaginary† connection is the only option he has. Ironically, this option was taken away by his sister, who does not understand his disconection from women and his immaginary relationship with a poster. Thus, dehumanizing him and precipitating his death. Relating women with whom he is not close, Mersault usually finds their emotional displays annoying and unreasonable. Their emotional state is incomprehensible forShow MoreRelatedThe Meta Metamorphosis : A Depth Look Into The Metamorphosis Of Grete1073 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 28th, 2012 Word Count: 1,416 The Meta-Metamorphosis: An In-depth Look into the Metamorphosis of Grete In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, one can find two forms of metamorphoses. One, being the most apparent, is Gregor’s physical transformation from a man to an insect, and secondly one may find a subtext of a form of transformation of Grete. This transformation is one that allows Grete to switch roles from being a young sister role to a motherly role to Gregor, and to lastly a judge with theRead MoreAnalysis Of Pantene s Advertisement Not Sorry 1462 Words   |  6 Pagesunacceptable aspect of societal behavior. It opens with a question: â€Å"Why are women always apologizing?† The words are in a bold, black font with a white background. The simplicity of their appearance draws the audience’s attention. The graphics are direct and unadorned, speaking directly to the message and motivation behind the ad. It is an engaging question, one that gets at the heart of a prominent societal issue: what is the role of women and how is it different to that of men? At first, the audience mayRead MoreEssay The Sins of Gregor Samsa of Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis2749 Words   |  11 PagesThe Sins of Gregor Samsa of Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis Gregor Samsa’s crimes originate from his intense devotion to his family, and thus in his intense devotion to his work, which in turn makes him intently devout to the conformist society that creates his world. Gregor’s crimes are not of the scope that contains what one may consider normal or standard crimes, and his motivations come from a separate set of values than those that society would consider to be the median. As a result ofRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1666 Words   |  7 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, was deepened through the interactive oral. We discussed about the cultural values of the time with its emphasis on the position of women, and the play’s influence on feminism in Norway. 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Lucy Honeychurch, a leading role in the novel, travels to Florence, Italy with her Cousin Charlotte. Their intensions were simple, travel to the beautiful city experience what it has to offer and leave more enlightened by the beauty they experience. However it all changed, the young women were not aware of the life a ltering events that were to occur during this peculiar yet clarifying week. A week not onlyRead MoreEssay Women and the Feminists Fight for Equality1526 Words   |  7 PagesWomen and the Feminists Fight for Equality People who are liberal thinkers have been enslaved by these poseurs, these racketeers, people who are pretending to be liberal but who are in fact just naà ¯ve politically. I have been congratulated by women...who are so sick of being bullied by these sanctimonious puritans who call themselves feminists. --Camille Paglia Society has always retained deeply rooted stereotypes in all aspects of life. WhetherRead More John Steinbecks â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesfeelings of the main character, Elisa Allen, through the use of setting and her interactions with other characters in the story. By way of vivid descriptions, Elisas feelings of dissatisfaction over the lack of excitement in her life are portrayed. Her role as a mere housewife and then the subsequent change to feelings of a self-assured woman are clearly seen. These inner feelings are most apparent with the portrayal of Elisa working in the garden with the chrysanthemums, the conversation she has withRead MoreEssay about Down The Rabbit Hole1657 Words   |  7 Pagesor inner strength. In John Fante’s novel Ask The Dust the main character Arturo Bandini takes us down the rabbit hole of transformation through his explorations and internal conflicts that while sometimes ignorant, self absorbed, and immat ure metamorphosis him from boy to man. This is an â€Å"initiation story† and in this essay I will explore why this book is an embodiment of this literature genre. It can be said that a popular characteristic of any coming of age story is â€Å"the rite of passage† oftenRead More Quote Journal for House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende Essays2761 Words   |  12 Pagesvote, because they would not have the strength to do it, but she herself [Nivea] was not brave enough to be among the first to give up the fashion.? (6, Ch 1) The women in this society are dependant on the dominant male figure to handle political and economical duties. This point of view is intended to mimic the older generation of women ad present a foundation for the growth of an enlightened generation. Allende uses this excerpt to present a foundation of structure to the novel by beginning with

Barack Obama s Campaign Advertisement Video Essay

Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton’s campaign advertisement video, Equal, uses an ardent emotional theme to declare her firmly on the side of marriage equality, while referencing her commitment to fighting for women’s equality in past decades. Historic fervor permeates Clinton’s style of speech throughout her dialogue. She initiates this by reflecting on the story of America and its fight towards progress in equality. This dialogue exchanges focus with a tape of a wedding ceremony. Two men exchanging vows as one of them gives a profession of commitment while reflecting on the struggle inherent to the nature of their relationship. The pain of a lifetime of discrimination and decades of yearning for legal fairness is audible in the voice of the speaking imminent husband. Saturated images flash before the viewer often without giving sufficient time to register what exactly is being shown. This attempts to give the impression of overwhelming support for the views being expressed in the dialogue behind the sequences. First we’re shown two men walking down a neighborhood street in autumn, holding hands. Following this are segments of weddings and proposals between homosexual couples of various ages and ethnicities. The recurring relationship that we see the progression of, and is the only significant, audible dialogue other than Clinton’s, is that of a handsome couple in white tuxedos, outdoors, exchanging vows. A beautiful summer day with the bright sunShow MoreRelatedPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s Presidential Election1225 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertisements surround every American; whether it be a TV commercial for car, or a billboard for a resort â€Å"10 miles ahead.† American society has adapted to a society that sends messages to gain trust in products based on how it is advertised. 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In fact, A/B testing and the larger conversion rate optimization umbrella have become so popular and valuable that now, 42% of companies employ more than one person to handle this vast area of expertiseRead MoreMedia Networks Analysis Essay2373 Words   |  10 Pagesthese images were received by the viewers much faster than any technology had done so before. Television also changed the world when it came to capitalism and marketing. The widespread attraction of television made it prime real estate for advertisements, and today it is one of the largest locations of advertising in the world. (Resnik Bruce, 1997) The effect of this extensive advertising has brought about many issues and arguments. An example of one of these issues is childhood obesity as aRead MoreCampaigning at Its Finest2478 Words   |  10 Pagespersuade and prod Bud, with each campaign manager straying from the candidates beliefs to get Buds vote (Swing Vote). Swing Vote shows an extreme amount of questionable political behavior and happenings, so much that could never be possible, such as an election actually coming down to one vote, and the Republicans and Democrats literally switching beliefs, but the movie shows the extremes that candidates go through to get elected. When political campaigns take off, there is no stopping the

Fall Prevention Community Dwelling Older People

Question: Discuss about the Fall Preventionfor Community Dwelling Older People. Answer: Falls Education to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review Introduction Falls are a devastating problem in patients who are older and are recognized to be a major health issue. Fall can be defined as coming to rest on the ground or other lower level inadvertently which does excludes the change in the position mediated with an intention to rest on furniture or another object (1). In a community, older people above 65 years of age are susceptible to fall once per year, and 50% of these people have recurrent falls (2, 3). Older people above 65 years are highly represented in 80% of the hospital admissions due to fall-induced injury (2). The susceptibility of older people towards fall and injury increases and is attributed to age-related psychological changes. Other factors include high prevalence of comorbidities and delayed functional recovery increasing the further risk of falls (4). Fall-induced injuries in community dwelling elderly patients includes functional impairment, longstanding pain, disability and death (2). Fall and its associated consequences are responsible for increasing health care costs, a significant part of which is preventable. In the year 2008, the cost due to falling induced injuries among older adults was reported to be $1.6 billion in the United Kingdom and $23.3 billion in the United States (4). The healthcare expenditure due to fall and their consequences is estimated to reach $55 billion by the year 2020 (3). The psychological consequences due to fall are many and mainly includes fear of recurrent falls, reduction in social interactions, loss of confidence, and decrease in physical function due to a self restriction of daily activities (5). Fall prevention is not an easy task. The injuries induced by fall together with disabilities and impairments complicate the whole event which may or may not increase the opportunities to fall (2). The commonly recommended interventions for fall prevention and its associated injuries are exercise programs, systemic assessments of fall risk, targeted interventions, inspection of environmental hazards, and programs for hazard reduction (6). Education programs, environmental modification, and medication optimization are other interventions for preventing falls and adverse consequences associated with it (6). Some studies have evaluated single interventions while others have used more than one component. Based on the individual risk assessment a patient can be delivered with multiple component interventions also called as multifactorial intervention or all the patients can be provided with same components also known as multiple interventions" (5). Fall prevention interventions aim at redu cing the risk of fall by minimizing the exposure to risk factor. The interventions aim for correcting the behavioral, environmental and other putative factors for risk of falls in the older community. The multifactorial intervention programs include exercises for improving balance and strength, patient education on risk factors of fall to increase awareness, modification of environment to increase patient safety and optimization of health by clinical management (7). References World Health Organization. WHO Global Report on Falls Prevention in Older Age 2007. Available from: https://www.who.int/ageing/publications/Falls_prevention7March.pdf. Kannus P, Sievnen H, Palvanen M, Jrvinen T, Parkkari J. Prevention of falls and consequent injuries in older adults. The Lancet. 2005;366(9500):1885-93. Jeon MY, Jeong H, Petrofsky J, Lee H, Yim J. Effects of a randomized controlled recurrent fall prevention program on risk factors for falls in frail elderly living at home in rural communities. Medical Science Monitor. 2014;20:2283-91. Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas. 2013;75(1):51-61. Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9(11). Lee H-C, Chang K-C, Tsauo J-Y, Hung J-W, Huang Y-C, Lin S-I. Effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on fall incidence and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with risk of falls. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2013;94(4):606-15. e1. Steinberg M, Cartwright C, Peel N, Williams G. A sustainable programme to prevent falls and near falls in community dwelling older people: results of a randomised trial. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health. 2000;54(3):227-32.

The Hobbit Essay Paper Example For Students

The Hobbit Essay Paper The HobbitBy J.R.R. TolkienDont judge a book by its cover. This famous phrase can very well be applied to the hobbit a small human like creature that goes along with 13 dwarves and a wizard. The wizard, Gandalf, has total faith in the little hobbit knowing full well that when the time comes he will serve the dwarves quite well. He does this with the help of a ring that makes him invisible. He saves the dwarves from evil spiders that wish to eat them. Uses it to help them escape the clutches of elves that would keep them in their clutches for some time. And to find out the weakness of an evil dragon bent on destroying all those opposing him. Our little hobbit friend is quite an extraordinary little fellow compared to many who probably would have run off the first chance they had, and he proves himself by being brave. He doesnt just think about saving his own hide, but all the dwarves as well. Bilbo Baggins, that is the name of our hero, finds a ring on the floor of a cave; little does he know that this will save he and his friends many a time. Giant spiders capture him and his friends as they are passing through the woods. He first kills the spider that is trying to eat him with his sword. After which he puts on his ring of invisibility and taunts the spiders into following him away from his friends. He then doubles back and cuts his friends out of their respective webs. After that there is a long battle the spiders venom had weakened the dwarves almost to a point that they couldnt stand. So Bilbo had to do most of the fighting. He saved his friends. They get away and all live happily ever after right? No there will be more danger this is only the beginning. We will write a custom essay on The Hobbit Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After all of Bilbos friends are saved elves capture them. It is a good thing Bilbo has his ring on. He follows the elves and gets into the place in which they are captured. He then hatches a plan to save them. He has to steal a key when there is a large banquet happening so as most of the elves are busy, then he must release his friends and stow them away in barrels that are to be sent down the river having been used. Now this sounds like a difficult task but not for our friend Bilbo who is very adept at getting out of tight situations. He releases his friends much to all the elves dismay. Then after all the trouble you would think the rest to be a walk in the park. It is just not that easy. Now they must face a dragon, to claim the treasure they were after from the beginning. Bilbo goes into the dragons cave silently and invisibly but the dragon has an astute sense of smell! Bilbo has been caught. However not completely caught because the dragon can still not see him. So Bilbo talks the dragon into seeing his underbelly, knowing full well that every dragon has a weak spot on the bottom of their stomachs. The dragons pretentious nature makes him believe he has no weak spot, so he shows his stomach. There it is a small space of un-armored stomach. He has gotten what he came for and starts to leave the dragon hears this and becomes enraged flying in the direction of the sound and almost burns poor Bilbo alive. But he escapes. The dragon still enraged flies out and wrecks the entrance the dwarves and Bilbo came in after which he goes to try and destroy a town that the dragon concluded had aided Bilbo but word of the dragons weak spot had already been received by one in the village. He takes his arrow aims and fires it straight into the dragons heart killing it in mid air. Now that the dragon is dead the travelers are free to claim the treasure, but not before a Great War with humans, elves, and dwarves on one side. Wargs (evil wolves), and goblins on the other. The travelers survive most of them anyway, and are finally able to claim the treasure and go home. So Dont judge a book by its cover. He just might save you over and over again, from evil spiders, elves, and dragons. I recommend this book it is incredibly good and definitely worth reading at the very least. .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b , .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .postImageUrl , .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b , .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:hover , .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:visited , .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:active { border:0!important; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:active , .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e1ba6f8ef85115a72a78d0d1556806b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thanksgiving EssayEnglish Essays The Hobbit Essay Paper Example For Students The Hobbit Essay Paper The HobbitAs the book, The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkienbegins to conclude, Thorin Oakenshield sees the goodness in Bilbo Bagginsand apprehends the most significant parts of life. Since the beginning,Thorins principle objective is to become the King under the Mountain andto have all the gold and treasure. While Thorin is on his deathbed he tellsBilbo, There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindlyWest. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valuedfood and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.Unlike the dwarfs, Bilbo cherishes friendship and merriment over gold andwealth. He shows this by placing his life in danger numerous times by escapingferocious goblins and killing giant spiders to save Thorin and the otherdwarfs. Bilbo cares more about others than himself, and Thorin noticeshow fortunate they are to have such a wise individual as a friend. We will write a custom essay on The Hobbit Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Because of the goodness in Bilbo, he declinesthe treasure. It is offered to him since a promise was made in the beginningfor him to receive and equal portion of the riches. He refuses the treasurebecause he feels that the most precious possession he has is the friendshipwith the dwarfs and others that he encounters along the way. Also, Bilboenjoys near death experiences and thrills that accompany the quest forthe mountain. Although, from Bilbos words, he makes it seem as if theonly reason he does not take the treasure home is that his pony will onlycarry two chests. Bilbo also thinks he did enough harm and becomes weary. He just wants to be back in his hobbit-hole. What use would Bilbo havefor the whole treasure? Bilbo was content without the riches which is whyhe declines the treasure. Thorin changes drastically by the end ofthe book. Now, Thorins quest is now fulfilled since he returned the mountainto the dwarfs reign. For many years, a dragon, Smaug, took over the mountainuntil when Thorin and his company claim the mountain again. Another partof his quest was to have the Heart of the Mountain, the Arkenstone. Heaccomplished that when it was laid upon his breast by Bard, a friend, andBard exclaimed, There it lay till the Mountain falls! His death was necessaryfor the theme of the book to teach that kindness is superior of treasure. Finally, Thorin realizes this valuable lesson, but it is too late. Thorin does not deserve respect or admirationbecause he did not realize that friendship and merriment is more meaningfulthan riches. Many creatures lost their life from the choices that Thorinmade and the selfishness he had. According to Bilbos perspective of Thorin,Bilbo stated, He is quite ready to sit on a heap of gold and starve.If Thorin would have given everyone their evenhanded portion of the fortune,the battle possibly could have been stopped, and there would have beenno hard feelings. Instead, he was too avaricious, and that is why Thorinis not respectable and does not deserve our admiration. Therefore, in The Hobbit, Thorins perspectiveon life changes when he sees the goodness and kindheartedness in Bilbo. Bilbo would risk his life for any friend, but during the adventure allThorin wants is the treasure. As Thorin is on his deathbed, he noticeshow selfish he has been and wishes he could have transformed it. Meanwhile,Bilbo sets the perfect example. He shows wisdom, courage, bravery, andabove all, nobility. Bilbo teaches a valuable lesson. His goal is to surviveand be happy, but most of the other characters only desire treasure. Inturn, Bilbo becomes an admirable and a remarkable companion.

Anais Nin Essays - House Of Incest, Anas Nin, Free Essays

Anais Nin Essays - House Of Incest, Anas Nin, Free Essays Anais Nin Anais Nin was a passionate woman, not only in her works but also in her life. The fact that she lived life to the fullest is what made her books so intriguing. Although her diaries were a chronicle of her experience, her fiction showed the reader sides of her while displaying everyone's innermost desires. In her own words Nin says, "the role of the writer is not to say what we can all say, but what we are unable to say" (Rollins), and she does exactly that. For this reason her works take one on a journey through one's soul and allows the pondering which may never have been considered. This feeling of self discovery is quite powerful and erotic; the enpowerment supplies a feeling of utter enjoyment. This is why Anais Nin's books are ageless, and they are impossible to parallel or surpass. Though many author's draw their story ideas from life experiences. Anais takes most directly in order to make them pure and unclouded by the imagination. This is why her favorite method of writing was the use of her actual diaries. She wrote of her many love affairs and personal traumas in order to educate the reader as well as to examine her true self. For it is known that one person could not experience all that is possible, and therefore one must learn from others mistakes as well as their own. Nin is greatly renown for her diaries, especially for her famous letters of her affair with Henry Miller . This later amounted to a movie based on the relationship "Henry and June" in 1986 (site 1). Yet her fiction, although quite intellectual and harder to grasp than her diaries, also reveals a lot about the writer and open views on all aspects of living. She is creative enough to allow all to draw something personal from her writings, and this makes reading her novels an experience that one could associate with some aspect of their own life. Nin's heightened "sensitivity and perception" (site 1) are derived from her fiery lifestyle which started when she was very young. She was born in France, a country of vast influence, and she traveled throughout Europe for most of her childhood. When She was twelve years old she was relocated to New York, where the culture and diversity is unparalleled. She experience d so many lifestyles as various occupations: a dancer, a teacher, and later on even a psychoanalyst (Scholar 5). She lived a very "free" life style for the time period, and she enjoyed this liberation to the fullest. She had many affairs, but she also had many great relationships that helped her improve and most of all "experience". Through all of this she never lost the ability to appreciate her solitude. As her fictitious novels are analyzed it will be shown that a large part of Anais Nin resides in every one of her works, but she made sure to leave enough to allow a little piece of every reader to fit.! In this way the reader may be alone but in good company. Anais creates this aura by using the literary device known as negative capability, which is basically concurrence with the philosophy of "saying less is saying more" (Walsh). She writes in such a way that allows one to see a general idea that does not cheapen a complicated idea by trying to isolate and define it. The theories which she attempts to explain are often too complicated for words, so Nin often turns to surrealism when she can think of no other way to address them. Human emotion and existence is not something that can be black or white, and Nin describes it as somewhere in the gray area (Knapp 39-68). The use of poetic and stream-of-conscientiousness phrasing allows the reader to find there own relative truth, since absolute truth in these situations are impossible. Her metaphors are powerful and shocking, but Nin was not an extreme surrealist. She believed in the fusing of the conscious and unconscious minds to allow one to see the total picture, instead of only looking from one point of view. Negative capability is best displayed in The House

2008 Presidential Debates Essay Example for Free

2008 Presidential Debates Essay ? The October 7 debate, sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates, took place in Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee and Tom Brokaw (NBC News) was the moderator. Questions were selected from thousands of online messages and were based on domestic and foreign policy. Overall, the issue that dominated the debate was the economy with both candidates pointing out the mistakes of the past and laying down their plan for the future. Senator Obama and McCain on the economy Senator Obama started with pointing out that the country is in the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression and people are worried by about their jobs, pensions and their ability to send their children to schools. Senator Obama stated that the crisis was as a result of failed economic policies of the George Bush regime. Obama emphasized on regulating Wall Street, cracking down on CEOs and making sure they don’t get bonuses and giving the middle class tax cuts. Senator McCain puts the blame on the democrats in the senate and in the congress who defended Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Senator McCain plan is to stabilize home values and buy up bad loans. He also does not propose any tax cuts or increases. Senator Obama and McCain on energy Senator McCain’s plan is to enhance the use of nuclear energy since it is, as he puts it, safe and reliable. An added advantage of nuclear energy, according to him, is that the nuclear fuel spent can be reprocessed. Senator Obama puts energy among his top priority issues should he go ahead and win the presidency. He states that high gas prices are not only a strain to the family budget but also a threat to national security since countries like Russia and Venezuela were benefiting from high oil prices. Obama proposes a $15 billion ten year plan to guarantee independence from Middle Eastern oil. Senator Obama and McCain on health care Senator Obama proposes to lower the cost of premiums by up to $2,500 a year by investing in prevention. He puts emphasis on using information technology so that medical records are put in computers rather than in hospital forms. Senator McCain notes how everyone is struggling with health care and proposes giving every American a $5,000 refundable tax credit so that they can get their health care insurance. The October 15 debate took place in Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York and Bob Schieffer (CBS News) was the moderator. Focus on that day was on domestic policy. Senator McCain and Obama on economy Senator McCain once again blamed the input that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had that caused the housing market to collapse. Of the $700 billion allocated, McCain proposes to use 300 of that to buy the home loan mortgages and negotiate with home owners. Senator Obama reiterates that the financial rescue plan is an important step and proposes ending tax breaks for companies shipping jobs oversees and provide tax credit for companies creating jobs domestically. Senator Obama and McCain on energy Senator McCain plans to stop spending $700 billion annually in other countries on energy. He plans on investing in wind, tide, natural gas, nuclear and offshore drilling. He also suggests that Senator Obama is opposed to such initiatives. Senator Obama says that investing in a serious energy policy should help America to stop borrowing from China and spending in Saudi Arabia. Senator Obama and McCain on climate change The issue of energy and climate change goes hand in hand. Obama again talks of his plan to stop foreign oil dependence and making the oil companies drill from their unused land. He also says that he has focused on putting resource into solar, wind, bio-diesel and geothermal. Senator McCain points out the importance of starting offshore drilling right away. 2008 Presidential Debates. (2016, Nov 08).

The reflection as successful ability of the students Essay

The reflection as successful ability of the students - Essay Example The reflection is the successful ability of the student to relate the theoretical approach with the professional challenges. The student should be able to understand the requirements that the respective profession and job sought from the candidate. The development of the critical and analytical skills is, therefore essential to handle the requirements of the profession with the logical approach under professional acumen. The professional obligations shall be realised by the candidates, and this has been possible by relating the learning experiences with the current situation. The difference between the role and responsibility of the student and candidate is the accountability of the latter. The candidate is under compulsion to involve in the interactive sessions inside the classroom to understand and develop professional motivation and direction. Considering the relevant example of the business situations, under my capacity as Business Analyst for the financial institution, it is exp ected that candidate shall be able to handle and resolve the economic issues of the company, and generate business opportunities for the company.

Palestinians Refugees in 1947-48 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Palestinians Refugees in 1947-48 - Assignment Example the plan, it was approved and almost immediately fighting broke out between the two sides, both of whom were deeply attached to their homes and saw no reason to abandon it to the other (Price, 2003). Claims are in dispute over why almost 700,000 Arabs from Palestine became refugees, and from both sides accusations are contested even to this day. Arabs maintain that they were driven from their homes by Jewish forces which started out as fellow citizens of Palestine, but would later come from the recognized Jewish state of Israel (Price, 2003). Israel claims that no one ever forced Palestinians to abandon their homes; they left instead on instructions from trusted Arab leaders (Price, 2003). Regardless of the reasons, once-revered citizens were becoming refugees in great numbers. There is evidence that massacres and scare tactics were used on Arab settlements to drive out its inhabitants, causing them to become refugees. Threats were issued via posters and notecards by Jewish forces, soon followed by grenades and buildings being exploded on the pretense that they were being used as Arab military sites (Krystall, 1998). The city of Jerusalem and its surrounding villages were the site of many of these tactics, with 28,000 Arabs soon fleeing in order to avoid more fighting or the loss of their lives (Krystall, 1998). 50,000 Arabs were expelled from the villages of Lydda and Ramle (Benin & Hajjar). The town of Dayr Yasin saw the worst massacre, as on April 9, 1948, Jewish forces killed everyone in the village, even after they proclaimed surrender (Krystall, 1998). Thereafter, the name of the village was used as another scare tactic against Arabs, as loudspeakers proclaimed day and night â€Å"Unless you leave your homes, the fate of Dayr Yasin will be yours!â⠂¬  (Krystall, 1998, 10). Arabs were not alone in their refugee status. Jewish citizens became refugees as well, but under different circumstances. Theirs was a better fate as they had a new nation bordering the old

Automobile Dependency and the Working Poor Essay -- Poverty

Automobile Dependency and the Working Poor David Shipler briefly mentions in The Working Poor that lack of access to a car is one of the factors that make finding and holding a job difficult. A person in need of a job may be unable to afford a car, since car ownership is so expensive, but they may need a car because of urban sprawl and inadequate public transit networks. But just how serious is the burden of car ownership, and how exactly does under funded public transit and urban sprawl contribute to the need to take on this burden? The costs of car ownership concern motorists greatly, so it isn't difficult to find information. AAA releases an annual brochure and report called "Your Driving Costs." Their 2004 brochure reports a composite national average cost of 56.1 cents per mile over 15,000 miles of driving annually. This amounts to an annual cost of $8,415. Americans spend more of their income on their cars than they do on anything else except for shelter. A reliable car that has been paid for in full may cost $4,000 annually, but the upfront cost of a car is still great, and few Americans can afford to buy a car outright. This picture is complicated by the fact that few low-income families are able to afford a new car, which reduces the cost of financing, but these families are also likely to have poor credit which has the opposite effect. The used cars that they buy are also likely to be less reliable than the average, which increases repair costs. Clearly, owning a car is a huge financial burden. Why take it on? The problem is an urban and suburban infrastructure designed to accommodate cars at the expense of non-automotive mc and a lack of well-designed, well-funded public transit services. In the yea... ...s Amherst. 26 Feb 2006 . Ewing, et al. Measuring Sprawl and its Impact. 2002. Smart Growth America. 10 April 2006. . Oppenheimer, Laura. "Portland, Ore., Ranks Among Least Sprawling Communities in Country." Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. 18 October 2002. ABI/INFORM Dateline. ProQuest. Univ Mass Amherst. 26 February 2006 . Shipler, David K. The Working Poor: Invisible in America. 2004. New York: Vintage-Random, 2005. Sinha, Kumares C. "Sustainability and Urban Public Transportation." Journal of Transportation Engineering 129.4 (Jul-Aug 2003): 331(11). Academic Search Premier. EBSCO Host. Univ Mass Amherst. 26 February 2006 . Your Driving Costs. 2006. AAA Exchange. 26 February 2006. . Automobile Dependency and the Working Poor Essay -- Poverty Automobile Dependency and the Working Poor David Shipler briefly mentions in The Working Poor that lack of access to a car is one of the factors that make finding and holding a job difficult. A person in need of a job may be unable to afford a car, since car ownership is so expensive, but they may need a car because of urban sprawl and inadequate public transit networks. But just how serious is the burden of car ownership, and how exactly does under funded public transit and urban sprawl contribute to the need to take on this burden? The costs of car ownership concern motorists greatly, so it isn't difficult to find information. AAA releases an annual brochure and report called "Your Driving Costs." Their 2004 brochure reports a composite national average cost of 56.1 cents per mile over 15,000 miles of driving annually. This amounts to an annual cost of $8,415. Americans spend more of their income on their cars than they do on anything else except for shelter. A reliable car that has been paid for in full may cost $4,000 annually, but the upfront cost of a car is still great, and few Americans can afford to buy a car outright. This picture is complicated by the fact that few low-income families are able to afford a new car, which reduces the cost of financing, but these families are also likely to have poor credit which has the opposite effect. The used cars that they buy are also likely to be less reliable than the average, which increases repair costs. Clearly, owning a car is a huge financial burden. Why take it on? The problem is an urban and suburban infrastructure designed to accommodate cars at the expense of non-automotive mc and a lack of well-designed, well-funded public transit services. In the yea... ...s Amherst. 26 Feb 2006 . Ewing, et al. Measuring Sprawl and its Impact. 2002. Smart Growth America. 10 April 2006. . Oppenheimer, Laura. "Portland, Ore., Ranks Among Least Sprawling Communities in Country." Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. 18 October 2002. ABI/INFORM Dateline. ProQuest. Univ Mass Amherst. 26 February 2006 . Shipler, David K. The Working Poor: Invisible in America. 2004. New York: Vintage-Random, 2005. Sinha, Kumares C. "Sustainability and Urban Public Transportation." Journal of Transportation Engineering 129.4 (Jul-Aug 2003): 331(11). Academic Search Premier. EBSCO Host. Univ Mass Amherst. 26 February 2006 . Your Driving Costs. 2006. AAA Exchange. 26 February 2006. .

Among the Hidden Reflection Essay

â€Å"Among the hidden† and â€Å"Among the Impostor† is part of the phenomenal series called â€Å"The shadow children book.† This magnificent book is by Margaret Peterson Haddix. Her writing is very complex but descriptive as well, making it easier to understand the mystery book. She has countless memorable novels such as Turnabouts, Just Ella and Running out of Time. After I read this amazing series, I am hoping to read these outstanding novels. That’s why I decided to start of reading her best-selling book â€Å"Among the hidden.† The lesson I learned during this book was not to betray your friends. This is because a teenager named Jason told the population police his friends’ real names and that they are third children. When the police came, he checked their files and different names were posted and Jason was shocked and stammering. Then, he got arrested and went to jail. I recommend this outstanding book to grade 6 and above. Mainly because there are some inappropriate words in the book which isn’t a severe word you’ll see adult use or even high school kids when they are talking with their friends. This is a mystery/suspense book with lots of surprises happens throughout the book like in the second book, Luke wants a fake Id and gets it however the population police comes but doesn’t get caught which you won’t understand because he never does any bad action. There is also sadness like in the first book; Jen gets shot at president’s house which was also a surprise. If you’re grade 6 and above and love mystery/suspense and sadness then it’s a great choice to read these book. My favourite character is Luke because in both of the books because of his loving personality, he is nice, caring and respectful. He possess very good characteristic which will help him get good friends who will not tell on him on the population police because he is the third child, none of his friend does except Jason and he got his consequences. He posses these characteristic because when he teacher, parents and classmate treat him really bad, even though it tortures him he doesn’t do anything to get revenge. However, even though they do that he still respects them and does what they want him to do. Finally, my favourite part in these books was when Luke was brave enough to talk to Jason gang and tell them they stepped on his garden but before that moment in his life he was a scary cat. This showed me how much he changed from book one to book two. Unlike other series which the character usually has the personalities, but Jason was a different person.

Caves as Symbol of Chaos Essay - 1662 Words

The use of caves in mythology to depict darkness and abandonment has branded it as a symbol of chaos. From this perception other associations are made which connect the cave to prejudices, malevolent spirits, burial sites, sadness, resurrection and intimacy. It is a world to which only few venture, and yet its mysticism has attracted the interest of philosophers, religious figures and thinkers throughout history. These myths are exemplified in Homer’s quot;Odyssey,quot; where the two worlds of mortals and immortals unite in the eternal cave. To Plato, the cave represents the confusion between reality and falsehood. Individuals chained deep within the recesses of the cave mistake their shadows for physical existence. These†¦show more content†¦It becomes a system both unstable and lawless, and survival as a guest in such a cave is only accomplished through the complete submission to the sovereign. In Odysseus’ encounter with the Cyclops, it is his disregard for Polyphemos’ authority that costs him the lives of several companions, and ultimately a ten year delay on his return home. The land of the Cyclops epitomizes darkness, chaos, and abandonment; where the only law exists past the entrance of the cave. From the island’s shore a quot;high wall of...bouldersquot;2 can be seen encircling each cave. Clearly impossible of being accomplished by mortals, massive walls of similar description found standing after the Persian Wars were also thought by ancient Greeks to be the work of the Cyclops. Unfamiliar to this system of power, Odysseus disregards these laws and enters the cave without an invitation. For this reason, Polyphemos implicates his own punishment onto the trespassers, and kills six men. In order to escape the wrath of the Cyclops, Odysseus eventually blinds him, an offense which falls under the jurisdiction of Poseidon, and for which he ultimately pays throughout his wanderings. The uncontrollable winds next direct Odysseus through a narrow strait outlined by rocks and cliffs through which he must pass to return home. On these cliffs which stand opposite each other lurk Scylla and Charybdis, one side quot;reach[ing] upShow MoreRelatedThe Conch Shell In Lord Of The Flies Analysis962 Words   |  4 Pagesuse to call the other boys to establish a makeshift society. The conch soon becomes an important symbol as a means of maintaining order. If we follow the conch throughout the story, we can see that it symbolizes and channels precious civilizing forces, such as democracy, as well as law and order. As the boys continue to disregard and mistreat the conch, their society crumbles until savagery and chaos ensue. 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Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, follows the...

Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, follows the tragic life of Okonkwo, a man who suffers a miserable fate due to the fear of failure that controls every action he makes. Though the fear of failure acts as motivation to become a successful and respected man at first, it later cripples Okonkwo in such a way that failure ultimately defines his life. Okonkwo is constantly afraid of being a victim of weakness and desperately tries to remain a strong and unyielding man. It is his overwhelming fear of weakness that causes things to fall apart in his life, as his attempts to avoid failure and weakness eventually lead to the ultimate defeat: his shameful suicide. Fear of failure and weakness dominates Okonkwo throughout his life. At first†¦show more content†¦Okonkwo’s unhealthy obsession of wanting to be an unbreakable man becomes so paralyzing that he no longer understands how to recognize the line between weakness and strength. His definitions of strength and weakness are so different from that of the other villagers that he feels compelled to prove himself worthy in ways that are not necessary in the opinions of others. Because of this, he leads himself to his own destruction and failure. It is Okonkwo’s contrasting views from the views of the others in the village that lead to his demise. When the villagers of Umuofia gather to have a meeting to discuss what actions to take regarding the white men, Okonkwo attends with the resolution that no matter what his fellow villagers decide, he will indeed avenge himself and act against the white men. During the meeting, however, five messengers come on behalf of the white men. Okonkwo is enraged by this and jumps forward, standing in front of the messengers and confronts them. When the head messenger says that they have come to end the meeting, Okonkwo becomes so infuriated that he kills one of the five messengers. When the villagers let the other messengers escape, Okonkwo realizes that his village will not go to war with the white men and disappears from the meeting. Later he is found hanging from a tree, dead. Okonkwo makes numerousShow MoreRelatedCommentary on Passge (Page 124-125) of Things Fall Apart by Chnua Achebe1162 Words   |  5 PagesIn this passage of Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, the protagonist and main characters of the novel, Okonkwo, has just been sent into exile away from his land of Umuofia , Nigeria . The crime he has committed to receive such a punishment is the sin of murder. While he is attending a funeral for a man named, Ogbuefi Ezeudu, Okonkwo’s gun accidentally explodes and kills Ezeudu’s sixteen-year-old son. Killing a clansman is a crime against their earth goddess, thus, Okonkwo and his family are sentRead MoreEssay on Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe3009 Words   |  13 Pagescolonized societies and the ways in which writers articulate that identity. Things Fall Apart is a good novel that serves as a reminder of what Nigeria once was. It shows how a society can deal with change, how change affects the individuals of that society, and how delicate a change can be; so much so that the people themselves are surprised at the change. Things Fall Apart is an English novel by the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe which was published in 1957. Throughout the book the role of customsRead MoreThe Portrayal of Women in Things Fall Apart Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagestendency to look at them more or less than a slave. Chinua Achebe’s post-colonial novel, Things Fall Apart, do at some points of the novel support the case of the subjugated African women in the course of Okonkwo’s life through the practice of polygamy, paying bride price, and the atypical case of Okonkwo beating his wives at slight frustration. In Okonkwo’s eyes, women are mere property and the ones that keep a man sane. But, it is also through Okonkwo, we see women – mothers (Ekwefi), wives (Ojiugo)

Types of Sports Fans - 753 Words

Blake Feldmann Orlet English 101-OL01D 16 June 2010 Types of Sports Fans Professional sports has become one of the most popular industries in the world today. The media spends billions of dollars on advertisements and teams spend millions of dollars on professional athletes all for one reason, the fans. The fans ticket sales and merchandise purchases are what keeps all the sport teams around and prevents professional athletes from losing their jobs. There are three types of fans in the sports world, average fans, fanatics, and fair-weather fans. Fans that are fanatics are the ones who are diehard and will put their favorite team before almost all other priorities. Their lives revolve around their favorite team and they will do†¦show more content†¦Usually they will know all or the majority of the people on their team, but will not know every aspect about them. 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Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products Free Essays

string(64) " only buy luxury fashion products when they have a high income\." Executive Summary The current paper is a synopsis of the study on influence of Income on purchase of Luxury Fashion Products. The suggested study is a quantitative study of women and uses age based sampling; women aged 16-45 years. The traditional economics concept that higher income would lead to higher consumption of normal and quality goods and lesser of inferior goods are often challenged by marketers for luxury goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature suggests that there are a number of other factors other than income that lead to purchase of luxury fashion products such as brand affiliation, prestige and social status, symbolic, functional, emotional attributes. Thus the research would explain the importance of income when young women in UK make purchase decisions related to luxury fashion products. The study is suggested to be quantitative in nature but in accordance with the logical positivism philosophy. It would follow a survey strategy and close ended questionnaire would be used in the research. The findings from the study are expected to have significant implications for companies in luxury products industry as well as specifically for marketers, marketing luxury fashion products to women in UK. 1 Introduction The current paper provides a synopsis for the study of impact of income on consumer decision making regarding luxury fashion products. The suggested study would use a case study of women in UK between ages of 16-45 years. The synopsis explains the research background, aims and objectives, scope and limitations, literature review and methodology for conducting the study. It further highlights the expected problems and limitations of the research. 1.1 Research Background: The suggested study is aimed at studying the impact of income on purchase decision regarding luxury fashion products. A further case study of women aged between 16 to 40 years from the United Kingdom has been taken. Like other industries, even within luxury goods, the marketers have to consider factors like competition, globalization, increased customer sophistication and maturity of markets etc to formulate its marketing strategy (Djelic and Ainama, 1999). The Economic crisis 2008 affected the sales in the luxury goods industry. However an upturn was observed in 2010. According to Passariello (2011) the luxury goods market in the Europe is worth ˆ168 billion and showed reasonable growth in the year 2010. The growth is not just specific to Europe, but market for luxury goods has increased greatly world over in the last few years. According to McKinsey Co‘s research, the highest growth is expected to be within China which is expected to grow by 20% till 2015 (Atsmon, Dixit and Wu, 2011). In luxury industry, globalization also offers huge opportunities like an emergence of new markets in countries like India, Russia and China (Silverstein, Fiske and Butman, 2003). The fastest growing market as suggested by analysts is that of China since the economy is growing very fast and the income of the people has significantly increased in the last few years (Agarwal and Wu, 2004). According to Roberts (2012) the luxury goods market incr eased by 4% in Europe in 2012, mainly attributable to high tourist spending but low local demand. Each year, more Chinese tourists visit Europe and are counted as biggest spenders on luxury products (Passariello, 2011). The marketers, in order to benefit from the emerging opportunities and promote sales of luxury fashion products, need to know the motivations of the targeted markets. The UK market is now recovering from recession and is an important market for sales of luxury fashion products. The economists suggest that as the income of consumers increases they move to quality goods from inferior goods. This is an objective explanation and the income is given as objective criteria however for luxury goods, marketers stress subjective reasons more. For example, Phau and Prendergast (2000) were of the view that how consumers perceive luxury is in subjective terms and it is their understanding of â€Å"luxury† which determines their related purchase behaviour. Marketers argue that income is not as important as a factor for purchasing luxury products. According to them Luxury goods consumption has always been a significant social practice while Berry (1994) explains that the value one attaches to luxury is a component crucial to the self-realization of a society. The marketers thus need to identify other factors that motivate the consumers to buy luxury fashions products besides income. The suggested research would study impact of income as well as important factors besides income that the marketers need to consider when developing their marketing campaigns for luxury fashion products. Dubois and Duquesne (1993) in their research found that culture is as important as income that determines the consumptions of luxury product s. 1.2 Research Aims and Objective: The research aim is to study the impact of income level on consumer decision making in the case of luxury fashion products. The aim would be achieved by the following objectives: To review literature and understand the factors impacting consumer decision making for luxury products. To study income as a factor and how it impacts purchase decisions regarding luxury fashion products. To understand the role of income for purchase decisions by young women. To develop a framework to explain the income effect on purchase of luxury fashion products by women. To study the significance of variables other than income that has an impact on luxury purchase behaviour. To make recommendations to the companies and marketers dealing in luxury fashion products for women. 1.3 Research Question The main research question that the research would answer is: Does income influence purchasing of Luxury Fashion ProductsThe study would test related hypothesis such as: H1: Income is an important factor for purchase of luxury fashion products. H2: The women in different age groups have different buyer orientations towards luxury products. H3: Income if an important factor for young women in UK for consumption of luxury fashion products. H4: Income is not the main factor but value creation for older women when buying luxury fashion products. H5: Women only buy luxury fashion products when they have a high income. You read "Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products" in category "Essay examples" H6: Social motivations are more important variable for fashion conscious women in UK. H7: Luxury loving women do not consider income an important factor when purchasing luxury fashion products. 2 Preliminary Literature Review Whenever a consumer, practitioner or a researcher focuses on luxury goods, some specific characteristics of a number of luxury brands may come in mind such as Chanel suits, Cartier watches or Hermes handbags. These are all expensive, excellent quality, aesthetic heritage, design, reputation, desirability, exclusivity, inaccessibility, and personality reflection (Quelch, 2006). Quelch (2006, p.100) states that: Luxury brands are those whose ratio of functional utility to price is low while the ratio of intangible and situational utility to price is high. Besides satisfying the material needs of the consumers, the luxury goods also addresses social and symbolic needs (Wiedmann et al., 2007). Some researchers have further delineated luxury goods by comparing and contrasting their characteristics to the characteristics of mass consumption products. Riley, Lomax, and Blunden (2004) specified various features of luxury goods (e.g., Christian Dior fragrance) differing from everyday consumer goods (e.g., Dove soap). According to scholars, luxury goods are intended for niche market segments (Riley, Lomax, and Blunden, 2004). The marketers of luxury fashion products use exclusive placing, promotion, distribution and marketing segmentation techniques. On the other hand, for non-luxury products, they focus more on functionality and price. When buying luxury goods the consumers are influenced by quality, status and prestigious brands. Marketers emphasize association with heritage and craftsmanship when positioning luxury brands. Riley, Lomax, an d Blunden (2004) also explained that after-sales services and several other methods of value creation are very important in luxury goods. Hauck and Stanforth (2007) said that income effects, to some extent, the perception of luxury. For example, something might be a perceived necessity for one person while a perceived luxury for another. A popular way to identify luxury is based on five factors framework given by Phau and Prendergast (2000). These factors include brand identity, exclusiveness, high level of brand awareness; focus on customer loyalty and quality. In consumer behaviour literature the model given by Vickers and Renand (2003) explains that the purchase behaviour is determined by experiential, interactional symbolic and functional aspects for luxury goods since they are high in both social and personal identity. The non luxury products are only high in functional aspects. The model given by Seringhaus (2005) includes emotion related factors like personality and image, effective symbolic communication for brand identity and congruence with self-concept which positions luxury brands. According to Tse (1996), most of the research done on consumption strongly indicates the reflection of Western society and its impact on individualistic goals. In an individualist society, the behaviour and motivational factors of consumers when purchasing products may be fundamentally different from those in a collectivist society. Numerous scholars (e.g., Phau Prendergast, 2000) have testified that collectivist consumers have different attitudes and perceptions regarding luxury brands as compared to the consumers belonging to the individualist societies. Wiedmann, Hennigs, and Siebels (2007) however, argued that consumer behaviour for product categories like cars, fashion and luxuries is independent of their cultures and regions. According to this school of thought, the information search and exchange are universal in nature for such kind of products. Behaviour is an aspect of attitude derived from values and hence is associated to culture. Since attitudes are a projection of be liefs; consumers holding different beliefs about making purchases will therefore differ in their methods of searching information and making purchase decisions Personal attitude and values of a consumer has a bigger impact on their purchase behavior than their income. This means that people of same income group but different social and cultural backgrounds may have different approach towards buying luxury goods, depending upon their preferences and values. For instance the low income segment of consumers may possibly have a desire to buy only the best, as a result of which they may not buy bulk of luxury goods but quality goods. By and large, consumers can be divided into three categories on the basis of their income level: average, elite and lower class. It must be noted that though there would be a substantial difference between the purchasing power of the elite and lower class however both the classes have certain purchasing habits similar to their respective classified segment. But despite all this, it would be illogical to deny the impact of income on a consumer’s buying behavior, on both, prices and types of products. Early researchers argued that social class can be a better predictor of consumer purchase behavior than income (Keiser and Kuehl, 1972; Shimp and Yokum, 1981). Likewise, Coleman (1960 in Keiser, and Kuehl, 1972) found that while purchasing furniture, the prices of purchased goods and social class have a higher correlation than between the prices of purchased goods and income. To find the answer to the debate of income versus social class, numerous researches were conducted. The answers established the superiority of income over social class (e.g. Myers et al., 1971). According to Myers and his colleagues (1971) income had more predictive power over social class, when examining the purchase behavior of low priced goods, semi-durable and durable products, cosmetics, plus services such as travel, furniture, clothing and appliances. Sivadas (1997) also testified that income is a better predictor than social class when it comes to consumer behavior for leisure and recreational activities. Earlier consumers used to shop according to the value of dollar, which stayed limited to purchasing necessary products and services only. Modern shoppers, however, make purchases when rewarding themselves and utilize shopping as a method of â€Å"feeling good† and self-satisfaction. In contemporary society, consumers make purchases to make a statement, exhibit their personality and boost their self-image. Since the purchased goods are in accordance with the psyche of the consumers, the researcher decided to assess the pattern of consumer purchase behavior with regards to luxury products. Some researches take income as the prerequisite, for example they study elite consumers only when studying consumption of luxury fashion products. They then use psychosocial variables to differentiate between the consumers of luxury products (Xiao and Pras, 2011). Researchers further show that even though men buy more luxury products in few cultures but the decision is influenced greatly by women. Study by Kaefer, Heilman and Ramenofsky (2012) showed that attitude of wife towards luxury products is very important and women have an impact on spending their spouses. Truong (2010) considers the role of personal aspirations and suggested that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are important for consumption of luxury goods. 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy: The methodology design is a very important part of any research based study. For the purpose of this research, it is suggested that a logical positivism research philosophy should be adopted. The philosophy suggests that empirical analysis should be backed by a logical analysis (Potter, 1996). Such a research would not only suggest findings but would also justify the findings using logic and literature. Using this philosophy would add a qualitative aspect to the research and would help the reader better understand the findings and implications. 3.2 Research Approach: Research approach can be defined as the studying of a phenomenon in order to collect, transmit and produce knowledge under the examination of a researcher. Thomas (2003) noted that either of the two research approaches, i.e. qualitative or quantitative or both, can be used in a dissertation depending upon the nature and purpose of the study. Qualitative research is also referred to as inductive approach, through which one can understand the research context and the occurrence of different events. However, the drawback of this research approach is its extensive nature and that it is hard to be defined and measured. Different scholars have observed that this approach relies upon a phenomenological and post-empirical assessment of the world, which perceives that reality is constructed socially as depicted by the situational context (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The quantitative research method, otherwise termed as deductive research approach, can be largely regarded as the scientific data co llection method. The quantitative data can be effectively classified, measured and assessed due to its numerical outlook. It is framed on firm rules or formulas and follows very strict procedures for making determinations (Bryman and Bell, 2007). A quantitative approach is being used because the results can be easily generalised and presented in the form of an empirical analysis. The quantitative study would provide an objective measure for importance of income for purchase of luxury fashion products. Furthermore, significant variables other than income and the extent of dependence of consumption of luxury on them can be identified using the quantitative approach. In this research, a quantitative approach is suggested using a survey strategy. The quantitative approach would help study the significance of income as a variable in quantitative terms. A survey strategy is easy and economical, and can help collect quality data in short spaces of time (Saunders et al., 2007). The sample size for the survey is suggested to be 300 however the size can be reduced due to certain problems and limitations of research. Furthermore, as aforementioned, demographic sampling would be used. Women in UK from aged between 16-45 years would be randomly selected and contacted for the study and would be asked to fill questionnaires. This age group has been chosen because they have exposure to different levels of income as well as social motivations are different at different ages. Furthermore, women are generally thought to be the intra-house income decision makers and consumption allocators (Bourguignon et al., 1993; Ashraf, 2009). 4 Data Collection and Analysis For data collection purposes, a researcher is provided with two techniques: primary data collection and secondary data collection. The suggested research would be primary research and would make use of primary data primarily. As previously mentioned, a survey strategy would be employed and in accordance, questionnaires would be used as data collection tools. The development of a questionnaire is a lengthy process however it is alongside meeting the data collection needs of the research. Prior to development of the questionnaire a framework would be designed using literature review. Using the literature review, main variables would be indentified that have an impact on purchase and consumption of luxury fashion products. For the initial literature review it is suggested to include several variables such as perceived quality, brand loyalty and social status and as such they should be studied as independent variables. Income can be used as an independent variable or a moderating variable in the study. The choice would be clearer for the researcher after reviewing more literature on the subject. Lastly, the purchase behavior would be the dependent variable. For the purpose of analysis, SPSS would be used which would make the data collection, management and analysis easier. 4.1 Reliability, Validity, And Generalisability: For any research, issues regarding qualitative or quantitative data, reliability, validity and generalisability are important factors for determining the quality. For quantitative research, the reliability and validity can be tested in quantitative terms (Creswell, 2009). For example, in the suggested study a pilot test would be conducted and using croncbach’s alpha the validity and reliability would be determined. Furthermore, using triangulation and support from literature the findings would be supported according to the logical positivism approach. This research focuses on an in-depth analysis of the purchase behaviour of women in mainland or suburban areas of the UK, whilst keeping in focus the significance of different income groups of consumers within a market. Since this study is limited to the urban markets of luxury, it might therefore be inappropriate to generalize the results of the study to beyond the urban and suburban areas of UK. Similarly the gender and age based sampling decreases the generalisability of the study. 4.2 Research Limitations The most important limitations that the researcher would need to consider at every step of research are time and capital. Besides time and finance, the scope of the research would be limited to luxury goods and the UK market. The realm of luxury goods constitutes capital goods like personal jets, real estate, luxury automobiles, and yachts; consumer services in expensive retail stores, resorts and hotels; and wines and champagne, as well as exotic vacations, travelling; and financial services such as credit cards etc., targeted at elite class consumers. However this study will keep itself limited to the superior personal fashion goods such as apparel, perfume and accessories, such as watches, handbags, shoes and jewellery. The research conducted in the future could examine the other product categories for further exploration of the luxury goods market in UK. 5 Conclusion This study is aimed at understanding and assessing luxury goods consumer behaviour. Product development, communications management, branding strategies and numerous other business activities require understanding consumer behavior, especially towards luxury products. In order for the designers, retailers and producers of the luxury products brands to benefit from the market expansion trends, they need to have a thorough understanding of the consumer behaviour of their target market. Therefore a proactive investigation of the target consumers and their purchase behaviour is necessary to derive the implications for marketers of the industry. Therefore to this end this research provides an insight for practitioners of the UK luxury goods market by documenting the potential and the landscape of the UK goods industry with valuable information regarding the consumer behaviour. 6 TIME CHART References Agarwal, J. and Wu, T. (2004). China’s entry to WTO: global marketing issues, impact and implications for China. International Marketing Review. Vol. 21. P.279. Ashraf, N. (2009). Spousal Control and Intra-household Decision Making: An Experimental Study in the Philippines. American Economic Review. 99(4). Pp. 1245–77. Atsmon, Y. Dixit, V. And Wu, C. (2011). Tapping China’s luxury-goods market. [Online] Mckinsey Quarterly. Available at: http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Tapping_Chinas_luxury-goods_market_2779 [16th April, 2012]. Berry, C.J. (1994). The idea of luxury: A conceptual and histiorical investigation. New York: Cambridge University Press. Bourguignon, F and Chiappori, PA and Browning, M and Lechene, V (1993) Intra -Household Allocation of Consumption: A Model and Some Evidence from. Annales d’Economie et de Statistique 0(29). Pp.137–56. Bryman, A., and Bell, E., (2007), Business research methods, Oxford University Press, New York. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry research design: choosing among five approaches. Oaks, Calif.: Sage, cop. Djelic, M.L. and Ainamo. A. (1999). The convolution of new organizational forms in the fashion industry: A historical and comparative study of France, Italy, and the United States. Organization Science. 10(5). Pp 622-637. Dubois, B and Duquesne, P. (1993). The Market for Luxury Goods: Income versus Culture. European Journal of Marketing. 27(1), pp.35 – 44 Hauck, W.E. and Stanforth, N. (2007). Cohort perception of luxury goods and services. Journal of Fashion Marketing and management. 11 (2). Kaefer, F., Heilman, C.M. and Ramenofsky, SD. (2012). 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